Lateral buds with part of stem, excised from 1-2 years old shoots of mature trees of S. In this study, efficient protocol for in vitro micropropagation of this rare plant was developed for the first time. is an endemic plant species of Altai, having great ornamental importance. Due to its disjunct occurrence in Southeastern Europe, the endemic status in the Dinarics, a relic that survived the glaciations, it deserves active conservation approaches through support of traditional use of high-mountain pastures for reducing natural reforestation of sibirea ancient sites. Our data suggests that Croatian sibirea from the Balkan is a disjunct population identical to the Altaic species. The minor differences that were␣obtained support the hypothesis that sibirea is an old tertiary relic that shows a minor variability, confirming previous preliminary results from comparisons of the Croatian and Altaic sibireas at the morphological level. No differences in the restriction pattern for the ITS region in genomic rDNA indicates that all samples of sibirea belong to the same species since the ITS region was proven to be conserved within one taxonomic species.
Only a minor difference of 6bp duplication in DNA amplified with ccmp 10-R and trnM primer pair was noticed in two geographically distinct populations. Sequencing showed only minor variability between populations. The restriction analysis and separation in agarose gel showed no differences in length of the digested cpDNA between or within populations. The genetic structure of Croatian Sibirea (Sibiraea croatica), a rare and endemic tertiary relic of Croatian and Herzegovinian flora, and its relationship with sibirea from Southern Russia and Southern Siberia (Sibiraea altaiensis) was studied using amplification, restriction and sequencing of the ITS region in genomic DNA and cpDNA and their comparisons with sequences of the Rosaceae species obtained from GenBank.
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